{"id":28,"date":"2019-04-25T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-04-25T10:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.etsii.urjc.es\/dseytr\/?p=28"},"modified":"2020-11-22T10:51:29","modified_gmt":"2020-11-22T10:51:29","slug":"alarma-de-seguridad-con-arduino_25","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.etsii.urjc.es\/dseytr\/alarma-de-seguridad-con-arduino_25\/","title":{"rendered":"Alarma de seguridad con arduino. Grupo 20 M\u00f3stoles"},"content":{"rendered":"

\nALARMA DE SEGURIDAD CON ARDUINO<\/span><\/h2>\n

\nSISTEMAS EMPOTRADOS Y DE TIEMPO REAL<\/span><\/h3>\n

\nGRUPO 20:<\/span><\/h4>\n

\nFRANCISCO JAVIER HIGUERA MONTERO<\/span><\/h4>\n

\nM\u00d3NICA RODR\u00cdGUEZ P\u00c9REZ<\/span><\/h4>\n

\nF\u00c9LIX MU\u00d1UMEL PIAYA<\/span><\/h4>\n

\n <\/span>\u00cdndice:<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/h2>\n

\n 1. Introducci\u00f3n.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\n 2. Materiales.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\n 3. Esquema de montaje.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\n 4. Funcionamiento.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\n 4.1. Teclado matricial 4×4.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\n 4.2. Pantalla LCD.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\n 4.3. Buzzer.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\n 4.4. Sensor ultras\u00f3nico.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\n 4.5. LEDs.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\n 5. Problemas y mejoras.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\n 5.1. Problemas.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\n 5.2. Mejoras.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\n 6. C\u00f3digo.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\n 6.1. Declaraci\u00f3n de variables.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\n 6.2. void setup().<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\n 6.3. void loop().<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\n 6.4. long getDistancia().<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\n 7. Video demostrativo.<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\n 1. <\/span>Introducci\u00f3n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n
\nEn la siguiente memoria, vamos a describir el sistema de seguridad que hemos realizado <\/span>
\nbasado en Arduino e inspirado en una alarma convencional del hogar. <\/span><\/div>\n
\n <\/span><\/div>\n
\nDespu\u00e9s de analizar varios proyectos, decidimos quedarnos con este en concreto <\/span>
\ndespu\u00e9s de pasar por otros como: una bater\u00eda solar para el tel\u00e9fono y un brazo rob\u00f3tico <\/span>
\npara dise\u00f1o gr\u00e1fico. <\/span><\/div>\n
\nEl primero no acababa de convencernos debido a que no presentaba una gran variedad <\/span>
\nde funcionalidades y siguiendo el consejo del profesor decidimos descartarlo. <\/span><\/div>\n
\nEl segundo lo abandonamos debido a que presentaba una serie de dificultades <\/span>
\nque no supimos afrontar en un principio como el dise\u00f1o de una placa personalizada. <\/span><\/div>\n
\n
<\/span><\/div>\n
\nEn este proyecto hemos hecho uso de Arduino Mega debido a que desde el principio <\/span>
\nquer\u00edamos afrontar un desarrollo que tuviera un n\u00famero considerable <\/span>
\nde elementos externos, como la pantalla LCD o el Keypad por nombrar algunos, <\/span>
\npor lo que era fundamental por la necesidad de tener m\u00e1s pines. <\/span><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n<\/span> <\/span> <\/span><\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n 2.<\/span> <\/span>Materiales.<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n
\nMATERIALES<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\nIMAGEN<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\nPLACA ARDUINO MEGA 2560<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\nTECLADO MATRICIAL 4×4<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\nPANTALLA LCD<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\nBUZZER<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\nSENSOR ULTRAS\u00d3NICO<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\nPROTOBOARD<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\nCABLE MACHO-HEMBRA<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\nCABLE MACHO-MACHO<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\nLEDS<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\nCAJA CONEXIONES<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\n3.<\/span>      <\/span>Esquema de montaje.<\/span><\/h2>\n

\n<\/span><\/h2>\n

\n4.<\/span>      <\/span>Funcionamiento.<\/span><\/h2>\n
\nEn esta secci\u00f3n, explicamos el funcionamiento de cada uno de los componentes de <\/span>
\nnuestro proyecto.<\/span><\/div>\n

\n4.1.<\/span>  <\/span>Teclado matricial 4×4.<\/span><\/h3>\n
\nLa funci\u00f3n principal del teclado matricial 4×4, es interactuar con el Arduino<\/span>
\n mediante sus botones. Cada bot\u00f3n tiene una funci\u00f3n.<\/span><\/div>\n


<\/span>
\n<\/p>\n

\nMediante los n\u00fameros se puede introducir la contrase\u00f1a, para as\u00ed poder desactivar <\/span>
\nla alarma y tambi\u00e9n se puede introducir la nueva contrase\u00f1a. <\/span>
\nPara utilizar el teclado, es necesario introducir la librer\u00eda <\/span>Keypad.h<\/span> <\/span>
\ny crear una <\/span>matriz de char<\/span> para inicializar el teclado:<\/span><\/div>\n


<\/span>
\n<\/p>\n

\n\/\/Columnas y Filas del Keypad <\/span><\/div>\n
\nconst byte ROWS = 4; <\/span><\/div>\n
\nconst byte COLS = 4; <\/span><\/div>\n
\nchar tecla;<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
<\/span><\/div>\n
\n\/\/Keypad<\/span><\/div>\n
\nchar keyMap [ROWS][COLS] = {<\/span><\/div>\n
\n    <\/span>{‘1′,’2′,’3′,’A’},<\/span><\/div>\n
\n    <\/span>{‘4′,’5′,’6′,’B’},<\/span><\/div>\n
\n    <\/span>{‘7′,’8′,’9′,’C’},<\/span><\/div>\n
\n    <\/span>{‘*’,’0′,’#’,’D’}  <\/span><\/div>\n
\n};<\/span><\/div>\n


<\/span>
\n<\/p>\n

\nDespu\u00e9s de inicializar el teclado, lo que tuvimos que hacer fue instanciarlo con el siguiente <\/span>
\nc\u00f3digo:<\/span><\/div>\n


<\/span>
\n<\/p>\n

\nKeypad teclado = Keypad( makeKeymap(keyMap), rowPins, colPins, ROWS,<\/span><\/div>\n
\nCOLS);<\/span><\/p>\n

\n4.2 Pantalla LCD. <\/u><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
\nLa pantalla LCD, es la encargada de mostrarnos en que parte del proceso nos <\/span>
\nencontramos, tambi\u00e9n muestra por pantalla las opciones que vamos seleccionando por <\/span>
\nteclado. Para utilizar la pantalla LCD es necesario introducir la librer\u00eda <\/span>LiquidCrystal.h<\/span> <\/span>
\ny se deben introducir las entradas que van a ser distintas con respecto a las iniciales <\/span>
\nde la librer\u00eda.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
<\/span><\/div>\n
\nDeclaraci\u00f3n de variables que utilizan Pin: <\/span><\/div>\n
\nint RS = 2; \/\/Register Selector <\/span><\/div>\n
\nint E = 3; \/\/Enable <\/span><\/div>\n
\nint D4 = 4; \/\/Datos 1 <\/span><\/div>\n
\nint D5 = 5; \/\/Datos 2 <\/span><\/div>\n
\nint D6 = 6; \/\/Datos 3 <\/span><\/div>\n
\nint D7 = 7; \/\/Datos 4<\/span><\/div>\n
\nint V0 = 12; \/\/Contraste<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
<\/span><\/div>\n
\nDeclaraci\u00f3n de Variables que no utilizan Pin:<\/span><\/div>\n
\nVSS: Ground\/Negativo<\/span><\/div>\n
\nVDD: Positivo 5V (Resistencia antes)<\/span><\/div>\n
\n\u00c1nodo: Positivo 5V<\/span><\/div>\n
\nC\u00e1todo: Ground\/Negativo<\/span><\/div>\n
\nAdem\u00e1s, solo ser\u00e1 necesario utilizar 4 de las 8 entradas de datos disponibles en<\/span>
\nla pantalla LCD debido al modelo de pantalla utilizado.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n <\/span>4.3.<\/span>  <\/span>Buzzer.<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
\nLo primero que se debe hacer es definir donde se ha conectado, e inicializarlo en <\/span>
\nel <\/span>setup ()<\/span>:<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            <\/span>    <\/span>        <\/span>    <\/span>const int buzzer = 8;<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            <\/span>    <\/span>        <\/span>    <\/span>pinMode (buzzer, OUTPUT);<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
<\/span><\/div>\n
\nGracias al <\/span>buzzer<\/span> podremos emitir sonidos mediante:<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            <\/span>    <\/span>        <\/span>    <\/span>tone (buzzer, 700, 100);<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
<\/span><\/div>\n
\nEn este ejemplo el valor \u201c700\u201d es la frecuencia en Hz y el 100 es la duraci\u00f3n en <\/span>
\nmilisegundos.<\/span><\/div>\n

\n4.4.<\/span>  <\/span>Sensor ultras\u00f3nico.<\/span><\/h3>\n
\nEl sensor ultras\u00f3nico no necesita ninguna librer\u00eda para su uso, lo \u00fanico que se necesita <\/span>
\nhacer es inicializar los pines del echo (Receptor) y del trigger (Emisor). <\/span><\/div>\n
\n            <\/span>    <\/span>        <\/span>    <\/span>pinMode (trigpPin, OUTPUT);<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            <\/span>    <\/span>        <\/span>    <\/span>pinMode (echopPIN, INPUT);<\/span><\/div>\n
\n        <\/span>    <\/span> <\/span><\/div>\n
\nEn la parte del <\/span>loop ()<\/span>, se debe inicializar la distancia a la que se desea que la alarma <\/span>
\nse active. En este caso hemos creado una funci\u00f3n que se invoca dentro de <\/span>loop ()<\/span>;<\/span><\/div>\n
\nlong getDistancia(){     <\/span><\/div>\n
\ndigitalWrite(trigPin,LOW); <\/span>    <\/span> <\/span>
\ndelayMicroseconds(2); <\/span>    <\/span> <\/span>
\ndigitalWrite(trigPin,HIGH); <\/span>    <\/span>
\ndelayMicroseconds(10); <\/span>    <\/span> <\/span>
\ndigitalWrite(trigPin,LOW); <\/span>    <\/span> <\/span><\/div>\n
\nduracion = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH); <\/span>    <\/span>
\ndistancia = duracion * 0.034\/2;<\/span><\/div>\n
\nreturn distancia;<\/span><\/div>\n
\n }<\/span><\/div>\n

\n4.5.<\/span>  <\/span>LEDs.<\/span><\/h3>\n
\nPara el uso de LEDs no es necesario incluir ninguna librer\u00eda, <\/span>
\nlo \u00fanico que hay que hacer es inicializar los pines donde se van a localizar, <\/span>
\nesto se hace en la parte del <\/span>setup ()<\/span>.<\/span><\/div>\n
\npinMode (ledVerde, OUTPUT);    <\/span>    <\/span><\/div>\n
\npinMode (ledRojo1, OUTPUT);     <\/span>    <\/span><\/div>\n
\npinMode (ledRojo2, OUTPUT);     <\/span>    <\/span><\/div>\n
\npinMode (ledRojo3, OUTPUT);<\/span><\/div>\n


<\/span>
\n<\/p>\n

\nEn el <\/span>loop (),<\/span> debemos de programar cuando queremos que se active cada led. <\/span>
\nEn este caso hemos implementado que el led rojo se active con cada segundo de la cuenta <\/span>
\natr\u00e1s y se active cuando introduces la contrase\u00f1a incorrecta. <\/span>
\nEl led verde se encender\u00e1 cuando se introduzca la contrase\u00f1a correcta. <\/span>
\nEn estos dos \u00faltimos casos hemos introducido un <\/span>delay<\/span> de 2000 que es la duraci\u00f3n de <\/span>
\n2 segundos que se mantendr\u00e1 la luz encendida.<\/span><\/div>\n

\n 5.<\/span>      <\/span>Problemas y mejoras.<\/span><\/h2>\n

\n 5.1. Problemas.<\/u><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n
\nA lo largo del desarrollo del proyecto hemos encontrado varios problemas. <\/span>
\nLa parte del desarrollo que m\u00e1s complicaciones nos ha presentado ha sido la inclusi\u00f3n <\/span>
\nde la pantalla LCD, debido al mal funcionamiento en algunas ocasiones por no poder <\/span>
\nrepresentar de forma correcta el mensaje que quer\u00edamos transmitir. Este problema no lo <\/span>
\nhemos podido solucionar completamente, pero hemos podido reducir considerablemente <\/span>
\nel \u00edndice de errores. <\/span><\/div>\n
\nTambi\u00e9n, hemos tenido problemas en la parte del desarrollo del software, principalmente <\/span>
\ncon la implementaci\u00f3n del comando lcd.clear(), ya que en algunas ocasiones no cumpl\u00eda <\/span>
\nsu funci\u00f3n de forma correcta al no borrar la informaci\u00f3n cuando se precisaba. <\/span><\/div>\n
\nOtro peque\u00f1o error, fue a la hora de implementar el c\u00f3digo del teclado porque <\/span>
\nno lo declaramos de forma correcta y \u00fanicamente funcionaban los n\u00fameros.<\/span><\/div>\n

\n 5.2. Mejoras.<\/u><\/span><\/h3>\n
\nComo posible mejora vemos muy factible introducir cualquier sistema biom\u00e9trico, <\/span>
\npero este caso vemos una opci\u00f3n muy adecuado la inclusi\u00f3n del reconocimiento <\/span>
\nde huella dactilar, debido a su facilidad y extensi\u00f3n de uso y la f\u00e1cil implementaci\u00f3n <\/span>
\nen el dise\u00f1o en s\u00ed de la alarma.<\/span><\/div>\n

\n6. C\u00f3digo<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

\n6.1 Declaraci\u00f3n de variables.<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/h3>\n

\n<\/span><\/h3>\n

\n<\/span><\/h3>\n

\n6.2 void setup(). <\/span><\/u><\/span><\/h3>\n

\n<\/span><\/h3>\n

\n6.3 void loop().<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/h3>\n

\n<\/span> <\/span><\/h3>\n

\n<\/span> <\/span><\/h3>\n

\n<\/span> <\/span><\/h3>\n

\n<\/span> <\/span><\/h3>\n

\n<\/span><\/h3>\n

\n<\/span><\/h3>\n

\n<\/span> <\/span><\/h3>\n

\n<\/span> <\/span><\/h3>\n

\n<\/span> <\/span><\/h3>\n

\n<\/span> <\/span><\/u><\/h3>\n

\n6.4 long getDistancia().<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/h3>\n
\n<\/span><\/div>\n

\n <\/span>7. Video demostrativo.<\/span><\/u><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n
\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n
<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

\n <\/span><\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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Grupo 20 M\u00f3stoles - Proyectos con Arduino.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.etsii.urjc.es\/dseytr\/alarma-de-seguridad-con-arduino_25\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Alarma de seguridad con arduino. Grupo 20 M\u00f3stoles - Proyectos con Arduino.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"ALARMA DE SEGURIDAD CON ARDUINO SISTEMAS EMPOTRADOS Y DE TIEMPO REAL GRUPO 20: FRANCISCO JAVIER HIGUERA MONTERO M\u00d3NICA RODR\u00cdGUEZ P\u00c9REZ F\u00c9LIX MU\u00d1UMEL PIAYA \u00cdndice: 1. Introducci\u00f3n. 2. Materiales. 3. Esquema de montaje. 4. 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